


Denmark’s longer conscription cycle is a test of whether European manpower reforms can produce usable capability, not merely larger personnel figures in defence plans. Denmark’s first recruits under its new 11-month conscription cycle have begun service, turning a political agreement…

For much of the three decades following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Denmark embodied the European conviction that prosperity and stability could safely take precedence over military preparedness. Defence budgets shrank, compulsory military service became increasingly symbolic, and armed…

Austria’s coalition wants longer military service and compulsory reserve training, but the proposal will test whether parliamentary agreement can be converted into a larger usable force.

Russia increased the number of assault actions along the Ukrainian front in May, but the additional effort produced little territorial gain. The figures point to a widening imbalance between the resources Moscow is committing and the results it is achieving.…

Reports that Russian occupation authorities are expanding drone-piloting courses for students and teenagers in Crimea point to a broader wartime effort to turn education into a pipeline for military skills. Russian occupation authorities in Crimea are expanding drone-related training for…

Military recruitment across much of Western Europe is in decline as younger generations appeared increasingly detached from the idea of service, defence budgets languished and armed forces struggled to compete with the private sector for talent. Yet Belgium is now…

A meaningful comparison of military salaries across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Europe must begin with a structural observation: all modern armed forces use broadly similar rank hierarchies—enlisted personnel (other ranks), non-commissioned officers (NCOs), junior officers, and senior…

The integration of women into combat roles across Europe has proceeded not with a trumpet blast of revolution, but with the steady, sometimes grudging, rhythm of institutional change. What was once unthinkable—women in infantry units, armoured corps, even special forces—has…

Germany has published a new strategic framework for the Bundeswehr, combining its first military strategy with a force-growth plan, a revised reserve model and an administrative reform agenda, in what Berlin presents as a response to the deteriorating European security…

Germany is trying to contain political and public criticism after attention focused on a provision in its updated military service framework requiring men aged 17 to 45 to seek permission before spending more than three months abroad. The issue moved…