France and Greece put EU mutual defence back into operational focus

France and Greece put EU mutual defence back into operational focus

Emmanuel Macron and Kyriakos Mitsotakis have renewed the Franco-Greek defence partnership in Athens, using the visit to argue that Europe’s mutual assistance clause should be treated as an operational commitment rather than a treaty provision rarely tested in practice. France…

French-Polish Nuclear Exercises Would Mark a Significant Shift in Europe’s Deterrence Debate

French-Polish Nuclear Exercises Would Mark Significant Shift in Europe’s Deterrence Debate

France and Poland are moving towards a more explicit form of strategic defence cooperation, with nuclear deterrence now entering discussions that until recently would have remained largely confined to national doctrine and NATO’s established nuclear framework. France and Poland are…

Russia warns European states against hosting French nuclear-capable aircraft

Russia warns European states against hosting French nuclear-capable aircraft

Moscow has warned European countries against hosting French nuclear-capable aircraft, as debate grows over the possible European dimension of France’s nuclear deterrent. Russia has warned European states that they could become military targets if they host French nuclear-capable aircraft, in…

Germany publishes first military strategy as Berlin sets out force-growth and reserve plans

Germany publishes first military strategy as Berlin sets out force-growth and reserve plans

Germany has published a new strategic framework for the Bundeswehr, combining its first military strategy with a force-growth plan, a revised reserve model and an administrative reform agenda, in what Berlin presents as a response to the deteriorating European security…